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Statoil has made a new gas discovery in Tanzania.

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The Norwegian company said the Mdalasini-1 exploration well had resulted in the new find.
The discovery of an additional 1.0-1.8trillion cubic feet (tcf) of natural gas in the well brings the total of on-place volumes up to approximately 22 tcf in Block 2.
Nick Maden, senior vice president for Statoil’s exploration activities in the Western Hemisphere, said: “The Mdalasini-1 discovery marks the completion of the first phase of an efficient and successful multi-well exploration programme offshore Tanzania.”
“Since the start of the programme in February 2012, we have drilled 13 wells and made eight discoveries, including Mdalasini-1. We still see prospectivity in the area, but after appraising the Tangawizi-1 high-impact discovery, which was made in March 2013, there will be a pause in the drilling to evaluate the next steps and to mature new prospects.”
Statoil has drilled the Mdalasini-1 well with 100% working interest.
The Mdalasini-1 discovery is located at a 2,296-metre water depth at the southernmost edge of the block. The new gas discovery has been made in Tertiary and Cretaceous sandstones.
Previously Statoil and ExxonMobil made seven discoveries in Block 2, including the five high-impact gas discoveries Zafarani-1, Lavani-1,Tangawizi-1, Mronge-1 and Piri-1, as well as the discoveries in Lavani-2 and Gilligiliani-1.
Statoil operated the licence on Block 2 on behalf of Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation (TPDC) and has a 65% working interest.
ExxonMobil Exploration and Production Tanzania Limited holds the remaining 35%. TPDC has the right to a 10% working interest in case of a development phase. Statoil has been in Tanzania since 2007, when it was awarded the operatorship for Block 2. ~ energyvoice.com

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FACTS FOR NATURAL GAS

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  •  
    Source: ChevronTexaco Corporation
  • Natural gas comes from two sources:

  1. From source rocks rich in organic material from plants.
  2. From normal oils converted to gas due to excessive heat from deep burial.

  • Natural gases fall into two categories:

  1. Combustible
    (methane, ethane, propane, butane, & hydrogen). Methane is the most
    abundant, comprising almost 80% of combustible gases. There are two
    types of combustible gas: dry gas (usually from rock sources and
    exposure to thermal and bacterial conditions) and wet gas (contains
    higher hydrocarbons and is generally associated with oil accumulations).
    75% of gas resources are combustible.
  2. Non-combustible (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, & hydrogen sulfide).

  • Gas source rocks are more widespread and abundant than oil source rocks.

  • Gas is being depleted at a much slower rate than oil due to the high cost of transporting gas (especially from remote areas).

  • As
    much as 80% or more of gas is recoverable from a well/source versus
    about 50% of oil since oil tends to adhere to the sand grains in the
    formation.

  • Gas
    is commonly re-injected into oil wells to maintain pressure and enhance
    oil production. Once oil production falls to a low level, many then
    convert the oil field into a gas field.

Natural Gas Basics

Natural
gas and crude oil are called hydrocarbons because both are composed of
carbon and hydrogen atoms. Natural gas molecules are generally shorter;
four carbon atoms or less. Crude oil molecules contain five or more
carbon atoms per molecule.

Natural
gas is both a clean burning fuel source and the primary feedstock into
the U.S. petrochemical industry. Raw natural gas in fields is processed
to separate the methane out from butane, propane, and large amounts of
ethane. The three heavier liquids are prone to condensation in natural
gas pipelines.

Natural Gas Liquids and Petrochemicals

Methane
– One carbon atom; chemical formula CH4. The principal use of methane
is as a fuel. The natural gas that is delivered to your home is almost
pure methane. Methane is also an upstream component of many important
industrial chemicals:
  • Methanol
    – A primary raw material in automotive windshield wash and also used as
    a racing fuel. Chemical derivatives of methanol also play an important
    role in our everyday lives:

Ethane
– Two carbon atoms; chemical formula C2H6. Ethane is the second-largest
component of natural gas, typically comprising up to 6% of the volume
of gas produced from a natural gas field.

  • Ethylene
    – The vast majority of ethane is consumed in the production of ethylene
    by steam cracking. Consumer products made from ethylene derivatives
    represent a large part of the petrochemical industry here in the U.S.:

Propane
– Three carbon atoms; chemical formula C3H8. Truck fleets, forklifts,
barbecue grills, portable stoves and even the new Roush Ford F-150
pick-up use propane fuel. Propane’s octane rating is noticeably higher
than gasoline at 110.

Many homes not
connected to municipal (methane) gas pipelines use propane for their
appliances and furnaces. Other fuel uses for propane:

  • Refrigerators.
  • Flamethrowers.
  • Hot air balloons.
  • Fuel for explosions and other special effects in theme parks and movies.

Butane – Four carbon atoms; chemical formula C4H10. Primary fuel uses for butane are:

  • Bottled fuel for cooking and camping.
  • Fuel for cigarette lighters.
  • A propellant in aerosol sprays.
  • As refrigerants.

Natural Gas Quality

Gas quality standards
vary depending on the pipeline system and are usually a function of
each pipeline system’s design and the markets that it serves. In
general, the standards specify that the natural gas be within a specific
range of heating value. In the U.S., gas must generally be should be
1.035 MMBtu per cubic foot of gas at 1 atmosphere and 60 °F.

Sour Gas –
Natural gas that contains detectable amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
is called sour gas. It’s a poisonous gas that is also very corrosive.
Hydrogen sulfide must be removed from raw gas by rather expensive
equipment at the well site to prevent corrosion damage to well site
pipes and equipment as well as to meet utility pipeline gas specs. As
H2S is particularly dangerous to humans, a typical pipeline limit for
hydrogen sulfide would be in the range of 4 parts per million per 100
standard cubic feet.

Sweet Gas – Natural gas that does not contain hydrogen sulfide is considered sweet gas.

Wet Gas – Wet
gas is natural gas that contains naturally liquid hydrocarbons (called
“condensate”) with the chemical composition of gasoline. Refineries pay a
slightly lower price for condensate than they do for crude oil because
the octane of condensate is very low.

REVEALED:Why the oil price is falling

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THE oil price has fallen by more than 40% since June, when it
was $115 a barrel. It is now below $70. This comes after nearly five
years of stability. At a meeting in Vienna on November 27th the
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries, which controls nearly 40%
of the world market, failed to reach agreement on production curbs,
sending the price tumbling. Also hard hit are oil-exporting countries
such as Russia (where the rouble has hit record lows), Nigeria, Iran and
Venezuela. Why is the price of oil falling?
The oil price is
partly determined by actual supply and demand, and partly by
expectation. Demand for energy is closely related to economic activity.
It also spikes in the winter in the northern hemisphere, and during
summers in countries which use air conditioning. Supply can be affected
by weather (which prevents tankers loading) and by geopolitical upsets.
If producers think the price is staying high, they invest, which after a
lag boosts supply. Similarly, low prices lead to an investment drought.
OPEC’s decisions shape expectations: if it curbs supply sharply, it can
send prices spiking. Saudi Arabia produces nearly 10m barrels a day—a
third of the OPEC total.
Four things are now affecting the
picture. Demand is low because of weak economic activity, increased
efficiency, and a growing switch away from oil to other fuels. Second,
turmoil in Iraq and Libya—two big oil producers with nearly 4m barrels a
day combined—has not affected their output. The market is more sanguine
about geopolitical risk. Thirdly, America has become the world’s
largest oil producer. Though it does not export crude oil, it now
imports much less, creating a lot of spare supply. Finally, the Saudis
and their Gulf allies have decided not to sacrifice their own market
share to restore the price. They could curb production sharply, but the
main benefits would go to countries they detest such as Iran and Russia.
Saudi Arabia can tolerate lower oil prices quite easily. It has $900
billion in reserves. Its own oil costs very little (around $5-6 per
barrel) to get out of the ground.
The main effect of this is on
the riskiest and most vulnerable bits of the oil industry. These include
American frackers who have borrowed heavily on the expectation of
continuing high prices. They also include Western oil companies with
high-cost projects involving drilling in deep water or in the Arctic, or
dealing with maturing and increasingly expensive fields such as the
North Sea. But the greatest pain is in countries where the regimes are
dependent on a high oil price to pay for costly foreign adventures and
expensive social programmes. These include Russia (which is already hit
by Western sanctions following its meddling in Ukraine) and Iran (which
is paying to keep the Assad regime afloat in Syria). Optimists think
economic pain may make these countries more amenable to international
pressure. Pessimists fear that when cornered, they may lash out in
desperation.

Unajua Kazi Ya Petrolum Gelogist Kwenye Oil Company..? Bofya Hap

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What they do all day?
A petroleum geologist works with oil companies to figure out
where oil deposits are and whether it’s worth tapping into them. Using
high-tech machinery like seismic X-rays, they may even determine where a
drill should be placed to find oil deposits underground

MPYA KABISA :OIL AND GAS COMPANY GRADUATE JOB

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BG Group 2015 Graduate Development Programme is open. Visit the BG careers website for more details.
BP Graduate Scheme The 2015 Graduate and Intern application process will open in September 2014. Visit the BP careers website for more details.
Chevron Chevron Upstream Europe (based in Aberdeen) provides graduate opportunities in the areas of drilling and completions engineering, subsea engineering, process engineering, mechanical engineering, petroleum engineering, geology and geophysics. Visit the Chevron careers website for more details.
ConocoPhillips Search for opportunities on the ConocoPhillips graduate careers website.
Exxon For details of current graduate opportunities visit the ExxonMobil UK/Ireland Recruitment Centre or the geoscience careers website.
Maersk Maersk hire candidates throughout the year for their 2 year graduate programme. More details are available on the Maersk careers website.
Shell Opportunities will be advertised on the Shell careers website.
Statoil Visit the Statoil careers website for more details.
Total Details of the graduate opportunities for 2015 will appear on the Total graduate recruitment webstie around October 2014.

Service Company Graduate Job Opportunities

Halliburton Visit the Halliburton graduate careers website for opportunities in Engineering, Chemistry and Geology
Baker Hughes Baker employ 57,000-plus people in more than 80 countries, setting new standards of excellence in drilling and evaluation, completions and production, fluids and chemicals, and reservoir analysis. To find out more about a career with Baker Hughes visit their graduate recruitment website.
Schlumberger Graduate opportunities in engineering, research, geoscience and petrotechnical disciplines. Visit the Schlumberger careers website for details.

HATUA ZA UPATIKANAJI WA MAFUTA NA GESI (STAGES TO GET OIL AND GAS)

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In a Lyfe cycle of oil field there are various stages to obtain oil and gas which include the following

Step 01: Exploration
In this stages Petroleum Geoscientists and engineers work together to locate and drill into Location where they think will produce oil. In this stage they look first at surface and then into subsurface

At Surface: They look for sedimentary basin and they use the knowledge they know about rock properties to make choices, they look  seeps, study rock and outcrop

In the Subsurface:They based on tool like magnetometer gravimeter, their main objective is to find location of sedimenatry rock where they cabn study further

One they found sedimentary basin then they conduct seismic survey to identify structure that may contain oil and gas

After finding Traces of oil and gas the next step is

Step 02:Appraisal
They evaluate the potential commercial of oil and gas. In doing so they determine how much oil and gas are present and type of oil and gas Present. They calcuate if there is suffient hydrocarbons to justify further investment.They determine if the field will produce enough oil to help to recover all the costs and still make profit.

If they determine there enough Petroleum they move to the next step

Step 03:Development
They select where well to be drilled and they plan budget equipment, tool and Manpower needed to bring Field into Production

Step 04:Production
At this where field start to produce oil and gas.This is the only stage that make money. It can take few years to decades depend on the size of the field

Step 05:Abandonment
When there is no enough hydrocarbon enough to make profit the well will be shut down.



Final words
If you have anything about these stages of getting Petroleum Please share with us


KITABU STRUCTURE GEOLOY FOR PETROLEUM GEOSCIENTIST (FREE DOWNLOAD)

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In Petroleum industry people look For structure because is where hydrocarbon can accumulate. Kwa hiyo kitabu hiki kitakusaidia kujua structure muhimu katika utafiti wa mafuta na gesi.

Kusoma na Kudownload kitabu hiki bonyeza maandishi haya.structure gology for peroleum geoscientist

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GOVERNMENT SCHOLARSHIPS TENABLE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA FOR THE YEAR 2015

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The Ministry of Education and Vocational Training is inviting application from qualified Tanzanians for the undergraduate degree programme (hereafter called 2015 undergraduate GKS”)   to be conducted in the Republic of Korea for the academic year 2015- 2020
Qualifications
Prospective candidates must meet the following qualifications:-
·   Applicants must have passed their Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education Examination with an average of B+ grade or above;
·   Applicants must not be older than 25 years by March, 1st , 2015; and
·   Applicants must not at any time have ever received Korea Government Scholarship for undergraduate studies

Mode of Application
(a)   All application should be made using application forms from the Websitehttp://www.studyinkorea.go.kr;
(b)   Applicants can apply for all other programmes except those which are exceeding four years duration (eg. medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, architecture etc); and
(c)    Application forms should be filled as per guidelines and be attached with all necessary attachments as stipulated in the checklist.
Completely filled application forms should be submitted to the address below before 15thOctober, 2014

The Permanent Secretary,
Ministry of Education and Vocational Training,
P.O. Box 9121,
DAR ES SALAAM

Moe.go.tz